Can Africa Serve Europe with Hydrogen Energy from Its Renewables?—Assessing the Economics of Shipping Hydrogen and Hydrogen Carriers to Europe from Different Parts of the Continent
Электронный научный архив УРФУ
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Can Africa Serve Europe with Hydrogen Energy from Its Renewables?—Assessing the Economics of Shipping Hydrogen and Hydrogen Carriers to Europe from Different Parts of the Continent
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| Автор |
Agyekum, E. B.
Ampah, J. D. Uhunamure, S. E. Shale, K. Onyenegecha, I. P. Velkin, V. I. |
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| Тематика |
AFRICA
BOIL-OFF GAS HYDROGEN CARRIERS HYDROGEN ENERGY SHIPPING COST ALTERNATIVE FUEL BULK CARRIER COST ANALYSIS HYDROGEN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS METHANOL SHIPPING AFRICA EUROPE GERMANY |
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| Описание |
There exists no single optimal way for transporting hydrogen and other hydrogen carriers from one port to the other globally. Its delivery depends on several factors such as the quantity, distance, economics, and the availability of the required infrastructure for its transportation. Europe has a strategy to invest in the production of green hydrogen in Africa to meet its needs. This study assessed the economic viability of shipping liquefied hydrogen (LH2) and hydrogen carriers to Germany from six African countries that have been identified as countries with great potential in the production of hydrogen. The results obtained suggest that the shipping of LH2 to Europe (Germany) will cost between 0.47 and 1.55 USD/kg H2 depending on the distance of travel for the ship. Similarly, the transportation of hydrogen carriers could range from 0.19 to 0.55 USD/kg H2 for ammonia, 0.25 to 0.77 USD/kg H2 for LNG, 0.24 to 0.73 USD/kg H2 for methanol, and 0.43 to 1.28 USD/kg H2 for liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs). Ammonia was found to be the ideal hydrogen carrier since it recorded the least transportation cost. A sensitivity analysis conducted indicates that an increase in the economic life by 5 years could averagely decrease the cost of LNG by some 13.9%, NH3 by 13.2%, methanol by 7.9%, LOHC by 8.03%, and LH2 by 12.41% under a constant distance of 6470 nautical miles. The study concludes with a suggestion that if both foreign and local participation in the development of the hydrogen market is increased in Africa, the continent could supply LH2 and other hydrogen carriers to Europe at a cheaper price using clean fuel. © 2023 by the authors.
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: 323/22, N 975.42; Cape Peninsula University of Technology, CPUT The research funding was from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Tolerant Efficient Energy Based on Renewable Energy Sources) grant number: N 975.42. Young Scientist laboratory 323/22. The Postdoctoral Research Grant Directorate of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology of South Africa is also acknowledged. |
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| Дата |
2024-04-05T16:21:01Z
2024-04-05T16:21:01Z 2023 |
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| Тип |
Article
Journal article (info:eu-repo/semantics/article) |info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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| Идентификатор |
Agyekum, EB, Ampah, JD, Uhunamure, SE, Shale, K, Onyenegecha, IP & Velkin, VI 2023, 'Can Africa Serve Europe with Hydrogen Energy from Its Renewables?—Assessing the Economics of Shipping Hydrogen and Hydrogen Carriers to Europe from Different Parts of the Continent', Sustainability, Том. 15, № 8, 6509. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086509
Agyekum, E. B., Ampah, J. D., Uhunamure, S. E., Shale, K., Onyenegecha, I. P., & Velkin, V. I. (2023). Can Africa Serve Europe with Hydrogen Energy from Its Renewables?—Assessing the Economics of Shipping Hydrogen and Hydrogen Carriers to Europe from Different Parts of the Continent. Sustainability, 15(8), [6509]. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086509 2071-1050 Final All Open Access, Gold https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85156118128&doi=10.3390%2fsu15086509&partnerID=40&md5=6041c85a7a592994a912b54892fca48b https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/8/6509/pdf?version=1681279655 http://elar.urfu.ru/handle/10995/130451 10.3390/su15086509 85156118128 000979460500001 |
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en
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Open access (info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess)
cc-by https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
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application/pdf
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MDPI
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| Источник |
Sustainability
Sustainability (Switzerland) |
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