U.S. and ‘Turkestan’ Political Exiles during the Cold War: Information Policy of Radio Liberty1 in Soviet Central Asia
Электронный научный архив УРФУ
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U.S. and ‘Turkestan’ Political Exiles during the Cold War: Information Policy of Radio Liberty1 in Soviet Central Asia
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| Автор |
Antoshin, A.
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| Тематика |
CENTRAL ASIA
COLD WAR ISLAM IN THE USSR POLITICAL EXILES RADIO LIBERTY |
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| Описание |
US policy in Central Asia is a topical issue that causes discussions among research-ers. One can't help wondering about the origins of this policy, particularly during the Cold War era. This, in turn, leads scholars to question the U.S.'s role in the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the formation of independent states in the former territory of Soviet Central Asia. This article discusses the effectiveness of American propaganda services operating in Central Asia during the Cold War. The most prominent structure which tried to influence political sentiments of population of this region was Radio Liberty (RL). It consisted of former Nazi collaborators during World War II, and Soviet propaganda apparatus used this situation. RL used the concept of a united anti-communist Turkestan which was unacceptable for real situations in Soviet Central Asia. Jamming and the lack of feedback from listeners made great obstacles for activity of RL in this region. That is why the author attempts to prove that the effective-ness of this activity was not so great as its financial support. Using archives of Russian and American security services and documents of Central Asian archives, future scholars will have the possibility to clarify this conclusion. © Antoshin A., 2022.
Central Intelligence Agency, CIA The emergence of RL was associated with a sharp aggravation of Soviet-American relations, a kind of “apogee”: the Korean War. The foundation of RL was initiated by the American Committee for Liberation from Bolshevism which was headed by Eugene Lyons. Most of the members of the Committee (William Chamberlin, Charles Edison, Isaak Don Levin and some others) had specialized in “Russian” problems for many years, but they only had a vague idea of the mentality of the various peoples of the USSR (particularly peoples of Central Asia). This station was formed as Radio Liberation, and broadcasting began in 1953. Initially funded by the CIA, RL broadcasted on nine transmitters located in Western Germany from studios in Munich. Three of these nine transmitters broadcast fifteen-minute programs in the minority languages of the Soviet Union (particularly the languages of Central Asia). About 40 percent of the scripts originated in New York 30 percent came from Munich and 30 percent from outside contributors.3 American management, therefore, determined an important part of the program content of RL. The station was renamed Radio Liberty in 1959, and Radio Free Europe joined it in 1976. There were many well-known dissidents and non-conformists among RL’s journalists. Only in 1988 did Soviet authorities stop the jamming of RL broadcasting. After the end of the Cold War, financial resources of RL decreased and some national services were closed. |
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| Дата |
2024-04-08T11:07:22Z
2024-04-08T11:07:22Z 2022 |
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| Тип |
Article
Journal article (info:eu-repo/semantics/article) Published version (info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion) |
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| Идентификатор |
Antoshin, A 2022, 'U.S. and ‘Turkestan’ Political Exiles during the Cold War: Information Policy of Radio Liberty1 in Soviet Central Asia', RUDN Journal of Russian History, Том. 21, № 4, стр. 509-525. https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-4-509-525
Antoshin, A. (2022). U.S. and ‘Turkestan’ Political Exiles during the Cold War: Information Policy of Radio Liberty1 in Soviet Central Asia. RUDN Journal of Russian History, 21(4), 509-525. https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-4-509-525 2312-8674 Final All Open Access; Gold Open Access https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/download/32796/21374 https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/download/32796/21374 http://elar.urfu.ru/handle/10995/131443 49962894 10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-4-509-525 85143485065 |
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| Язык |
en
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| Права |
Open access (info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess)
cc-by-nc https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
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| Формат |
application/pdf
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RUDN UNiversity
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| Источник |
RUDN Journal of Russian History
RUDN Journal of Russian History |
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